The issues of agriculture and food industry are very important in the context of the Romania and Balkan’s accession in the European Union. There are advantages for enterprises, but also the question of food security. The consequences have to be analyzed in terms of economy, geopolitics, internal market, markets related to Romanian market, entrepreneurship, risks, qualifications and employment. The most important challenge is for SMEs because they have to face the competition, to adapt to the consumers’ needs and to face the problems of sustainable development.